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The Notitia Dignitatum ('Register of Officials'), fifth century, relates to the organisation of the late Roman Empire, comprising lists of officials, civil and military, and the troops and forts which they held. Ed. Otto Seeck (Berlin, 1876); see Stevens, AJ XCVII (1940), 125; Birley, TCWS, XXXIX (193), 190; White, LS
Two contemporary Latin Chronicles, the Epitoma Chronicon of Prospect of Aquitaine, and the anonymous Gaulish Chronicle. Ed. J. Mommsen, in Mon. Germ. Hist.: Auct. Antiq., IX, Chronica Minora (Berlin, 1892).
Vegetius, Epitoma Rei Militaris, fourth century, an account of the Roman army. Ammianus Marcellinus, later fourth century; Zosimus, late fifth century; and Procopius mid-sixth century, all have incidental references specified in the text above.
Roman panegyrists and poets of Gaul from the third to the fifth century. See spy W. Baehrens XII Panegyrici Latini (Leipzig, 1911): E. Galletier, Panégyriquesº Latins, I (Paris, 1949), with French translation. See references also in the works of Ausonius (fourth century), Rutilius Namatianus (early fifth century), Claudian (late fourth and early fifth century), Sidonius Apollinaris (late fifth century).
The Life of St Germanus, ed. W. Levison in Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script. Rer. Merov. VII (Berlin, 1920), 225.
Inscriptions on stone, from the fifth to the seventh century: Macalister, CIIC; Nash-Williams, ECMW.
Gildas, De Excidio Britannia: ed. and transl. by H. Williams (London, 1899). The text claims to be of the sixth century.
p168 The Historia Brittonum, 'The History of the Britons', early ninth century: ed. F. Lot (French edition and translation, Paris, 1934); A. W. Wade-Evans, Nennius's History of the Britons (London, 1938), an English translation of the above, including also the Annales Cambriae and other matter from MS. Brit. Mus., Harley 3859 — a very useful and important compendium.
Genealogies of the Welsh princes, those from MS. Harley 3859 (the South Welsh version) edited by Wade-Evans, as above; also by J. Loth, Les Mabinogion, II (Paris, 1913), 326. Those in MS. XX, Jesus College, Oxford (the North Welsh version), ed. M. E. Phillimore, Y Cymmrodo VIII (1887), IX (1888). Twelve genealogies of the North British princes, contained in MS. Hegwrt 536, are edited by Skene, FABW II (Edinburgh, 1868), 454. Genealogies of the Welsh saints, mostly related to the princes, are edited by Wade-Evans, VSBG, 320.
The Welsh Laws, ed. and transl. by Wade-Evans, WML; English translation of the 'Dimetian Code' by Melville Richards, LHD (See p180 for bibliographical references.)
Lives of British saints. The chief edition, with English translation, of the Lives of the Welsh saints is that of A. W. Wade-Evans, VSBG; cf. further Ch. IX, note 16 above. Adamnán's Life of St Columba, ed. Reeves; also ed. and transl. by A. O. and M. O. Anderson.
Early Welsh bardic poetry. These early poems were published with an English translation by Skene, in FABW More scholarly and reliable texts have been published recently by Sir Ifor Williams. See the references in Ch. VI above.
Collections of verses composed for mnemonic purposes, such as the Beddau ('the Graves'), which lists the final resting-places of the great heroes of the past: ed. and transl. by Skene, FABW I, p309; II, p28: now in process of being re-edited. A number of collections of a form of literature known as Triads, ed. and transl. by R. Bromwich, Triads.
A valuable incidental source is Asser's Life of King Alfred, ed. and transl. by W. H. Stevenson (Oxford, 1904, new impression, 1959); the Historia Ecclesiastica, by the Venerable Bede; ed. Charles Plummer p169(Oxford, 1896); transl. John Stevenson (London, 1910); revised edition, 1954; also transl. L. Sherley-Price (Harmondsworth, 1955).
The Irish annals contain much of importance for Celtic Britain, especially the Annals of Ulster, ed. and transl. in 4 vols. by W. M. Hennessy (Dublin, 1887-1901); the Annals of Tigernach, ed. and partly transl. by Whitley Stokes, in RC XVI, XVII, XVIII; the Annals of Inisfallen, ed. and transl. Seán Mac Airt (Dublin, 1951).
Note. Where only one work of an author is mentioned the author's name alone is generally cited. References to the works of Bede are confined to the Historia Ecclesiastica, and these are cited in the text briefly as Bede, and followed by the number of the Book and chapter of this work.
| Anderson, A. O. and M. O. Adomnán'sº Life of Columba (Edinburgh, 1961) | Anderson A.L.C. |
| Blair, P. Hunter. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge, 1956) | Blair A.S.F. |
| Bromwich, R. Trioedd Ynys Prydein, The Welsh Triads | Bromwich Triads |
| p171 Bruce-Mitford, R. L. S. (Ed.) Recent Archaeological Excavations in Britain (London, 1956) | Bruce-Mitford R.A.E.B. |
| Chadwick, H. M. and N. K. The Growth of Literature, Vol. I (Cambridge, 1932) | Chadwick Growth |
| Chadwick, M. M. Early Scotland (Cambridge, 1949) | Chadwick E.S. |
| Chadwick, N. K. Poetry and Letters in Early Christian Gaul (London, 1955) | Chadwick P. and L. |
| Chadwick, N. K. (Ed.) Studies in Early British History (Cambridge, 1943, reprinted 1959) | Chadwick S.E.B.H. |
| (Ed.) Studies in the Early British Church (Cambridge, 1958) | Chadwick S.E.B.C. |
| The Age of the Saints in the Early Celtic Church (Oxford, 1961) | Chadwick A.S. |
| (Ed.) Celt and Saxon: Studies in the Early British Border (Cambridge, 1963) | Chadwick C.S. |
| Collingwood, R. G. and Myres, J. N. L. Roman Britain and the English Settlements (Oxford, 1936) | Collingwood and Myres |
| Daniel, G. E. 'Who are the Welsh?', Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XL (1954) | Daniel P.B.A. |
| Esposito, M. 'The Knowledge of Greek in Ireland during the Middle Ages', Studies I (1911), 665 ff. | Esposito Studies I |
| Fox, C. and Dickins, B. (Ed.) The Early Cultures of North-West Europe (Cambridge, 1950) | Fox and Dickins E.C.N.W.E. |
| Fox, C. in Grimes, W. F. (Ed.) A Hundred Years of cold weather Archaeology, Cambrian Archaeological Association, 1846-1956 | Fox H.Y.W.A. |
| p172 Frere, S. S. (Ed.) Problems of the Iron Age in Southern Britain (London, 1960) | ULIA |
| Grimes, W. F. (Ed.) Aspects of Archaeology in Britain and Beyond. Essays presented to O. G. S. Crawford (London, 1951) | Grimes A.A.B. |
| Haddan, A. W. and Stubbs, W. Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents relating to Great Britain and Ireland, 3 vols. (Vol. II in 2 parts) (Oxford, 1869-1878) | Haddan and Stubbs Councils |
| Harden, D. B. (Ed.) Dark Age Britain. Studies Presented to E. T. Leeds (London, 1956) | Harden D.A.B. |
| Hencken, H. O'N. The Archaeology of Cornwall and Scilly (London, 1932) | Hencken A.C.S. |
| Jackson, K. 'The Britons of Southern Scotland', Antiquity XXIX, 77 | Jackson B.S.S. |
| Language and History in Early Britain (Edinburgh, 1953) | Jackson L.H.E.B. |
| Kenney, J. F. Sources for the Early History of Ireland (New York, 1929) | Kenney S.E.H.I. |
| Kinvig, R. H. A History of the Isle of Man (Liverpool, 1950) | Kinvig H.I.M. |
| Lloyd, J. E. History of Wales, 2 vols. (3rd ed. London, 1939) | Lloyd H.W. |
| Lot, F. Nennius et l'Historia Brittonum, 2 vols. (Paris, 1934) | Lot Nennius |
| Macalister, R. A. S. Corpus Inscriptionum Insularum Celticarum, Vol. I (Dublin, 1945), Vol. II (Dublin, 1949) | Macalister C.I.I.C. |
| p173 Nash-Williams, V. E. The Early Christian Monuments of Wales (Cardiff, 1950) | Nash-Williams E.C.M.W. |
| O'Rahilly, C. Ireland and Wales (London, 1924) | O'Rahilly I.W. |
| O'Rahilly, T. F. Early Irish History and Mythology (Dublin, 1946) | O'Rahilly E.I.H.M. |
| Richmond, I. A. and Crawford, O. G. S. The British Section of the Ravenna Cosmography (Oxford, 1949) | Richmond and Crawford B.S.R.C. |
| Roderick, A. J. (Ed.) Wales Through the Ages, Vol. I (Llandybie, 1959) | Roderick W. A. |
| Stenton, F. M. Anglo-Saxon England 9xf, 1943) | Stenton A.S.E. |
| Stokes, W. Three Irish Glossaries (Dublin, 1861) | Stokes T.I.G. |
| Wade-Evans, A. W. Vitae Sanctorum Britanniae et Genealogiae (Cardiff, 1944) | Wade-Evans V.S. |
| Wainwright, F. T. Archaeology and Place-Names and History (London, 1962) | Wainwright A.P.N.H. |
| Editor and contributor The Northern Isles (Edinburgh, 1962) | Wainwright N.I. |
| Watson, W. J. History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1926) | Watson C.P.N.S. |
| Wheeler, R. E. M. Prehistoric and Roman Wales (Oxford, 1925) | Wheeler P.E.W. |
| Williams, I. Lectures on Early Welsh Poetry | Williams W.P. |
Note. The majority of references to books will be found in the preceding list. Those cited in the lists relating to the following chapters are of more immediate reference, and here the title of a book is followed by its appropriate abbreviation where necessary.
| Atkinson, D. 'Classis Britannica', in Historical Essays in Honour of James Tait (ed. J. G. Edwards, V. H. Galbraith, E. F. Jacob, Manchester, 1933) | Atkinson C.B. |
| Charlesworth, M. P. The Last Province (Cardiff, 1949) | Charlesworth L.P. |
| Clarke, R. R. East Anglia (London, 1960) | Clarke E.A. |
| Collingwood, R. G. and Myres, J. N. L. Roman Britain and the English Settlements (Oxford, 1936) | Collingwood and Myres |
| Fox, C. The Archaeology of the Cambridge Region (Cambridge, 1923) | Fox A.C.E. |
| Haverfield, F. The Romanisation of Roman Britain (4th ed., revised by G. Macdonald) (Oxford, 1923) | Haverfield and Macdonald R.R.E. |
| Jackson, K. 'The Pictish Language' in Wainwright, P. P., Appendix 'Common Gaelic', PBA XXXVII (1951) | Jackson P.B.A. |
| Lloyd, J. E. A History of Wales, 2 vols. (London, 1911, 3rd ed. 1939) | Lloyd H.W. |
| Nash-Williams, V. W. The Early Christian Monuments of Wales (Cardiff, 1950) | Nash-Williams E.C.M.W. |
| p175 Richmond, I. A. Roman Britain (Harmondsworth, 1955, new ed. 1963) | Richmond R.B. |
| 'Roman Britain and Roman Military Antiquities', Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XLI (1955) | Richmond P.B.A. |
| (Ed.) Roman and Native in North Britain (London, 1958) | Richmond P.N. |
| Rivet, A. L. F. Town and Country in Roman Britain (London, 1958) | Rivet T.C.R.B. |
| Seeck, O. Notitia Dignitatum (Berlin, 1876) | Notitia Dignitatum |
| Skene, W. F. Four Ancient Books of Wales, 2 Vols., edited and translated (Edinburgh, 1868) | Skene F.A.B.W. |
| Starr, C. G.º The Roman Imperial Navy (Ithaca N. Y., 1941) | Star R.I.N. |
| Wade-Evans, A. W. Welsh Christian Origins (Oxford, 1934) | Wade-Evans W.C.O. |
| Nennius's 'History of the Britons', together with 'The Annals of the Britons' and 'Court Pedigrees of Hywel the Good', also 'The Story of the Loss of Britain' (London, 1938) (English translation only) | Wade-Evans Nennius |
| Vitae Sanctorum Britanniae et Genealogiae, edited and translated (Cardiff, 1944) | Wade-Evans V.S.B.G. |
| Wainwright, F. T. (Ed.) T Problem of the Picts (Edinburgh, 1955) | Wainwright P.P. |
| Wheeler, R. E. M. Prehistoric and Roman Wales (Oxford, 1925) | Wheeler P.R.W. |
| White, D. A. Litus Saxonum. The British Saxon Shore in Scholarship and History, published by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin for p176the Department of History, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1961 | White L.S. |
| Chadwick, H. M. and N. K. The Growth of Literature, Vol. I (Cambridge, 1932) | Chadwick Growth |
| Chadwick, H. M. Early Scotland (Cambridge, 1949, Chap. X | Chadwick E.S. |
| Lloyd, J. E. The Story of Ceredigion (Cardiff, 1937) | Lloyd S.C. |
| Roderick, A. J. (Editor and contributor) Wales Through the Ages, Vol. I (Llandybie, 1959) | Roderick W.A. |
| Skene, W. F. Chronicles of the Picts and Scots (Edinburgh, 1857) | Skene P.S. |
| Four Ancient Books of Wales, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1868) | Skene F.A.B.W. |
| Celtic Scotland, 3 vols. (Edinburgh, 1886-1890) | Skene C.S. |
| Stevenson, W. H. Asser's Life of King Alfred (Oxford, 1904; new impression with an article on recent work by D. Whitelock, Oxford, 1959). There is an English translation by J. A. Giles i his collection of Six Old English Chronicles (London, 1868), 43. | --- |
| Williams, A. H. An Introduction to the History of Wales, Vol. I (Cardiff, 1941) | Williams H.W. |
| Bell, H. I. The Development of Welsh Poetry (Oxford, 1936) | Bell D.W.P. |
| p181 Bromwich, R. Trioedd Ynys Prydein, The Welsh Triads, edited with Introduction, Translation and Commentary by Rachel Bromwich (Cardiff, 1961) | Bromwich Triads |
| Chadwick, M. M. and N. K. The Growth of Literature, Vol. I (Cambridge, 1932) | Chadwick Growth |
| Ellis, T. P. and Lloyd, J. The Mabinogion. English translation (Oxford, 1929) | Ellis and Lloyd Mabinogion |
| Gruffydd, W. Math vab Mathonwy (Cardiff, 1928) | Gruffyddº Math |
| Jackson, K. Studies in Early Celtic Nature Poetry (Cambridge, 1935) | Jackson S.E.C.N.P. |
| Early Welsh Gnomic Poems (Cardiff, 1935) | Jackson E.W.G.P. |
| Review of I. Williams, Gododdin, Antiquity XIII (1939), 25 | Jackson Antiquity |
| 'Notes on the Ogam Inscriptions of Southern Britain' in Fox and Dickins (See p171) | --- |
| A Celtic Miscellany (London, 1951) | Jackson C.M. |
| Early Cultures in North-Western Europe (Cambridge, 1950) | Jackson E.C.N.W.E. |
| Jones, G. and Jones, T. Mabinogion, English translation (London, 1949) | Jones Mabinogion |
| Jones, G., Morgan, J. T. and Williams, I.ƒ The Saga of Llywarch the Old (printed in Great Britain at the Golden Cockerel Press, 1955) | Jones, Morgan and Williams S.L. |
| Loth, J. Les Mabinogion, translation by J. Loth, 2 vols. (Paris, 1913). This is fully annotated and also contains appendices which include a selection of the Triads, the genealogies of MS. Harl. 359 and the text of the Annales Cambriae. | --- |
| p182 MacCana, P. Bronwen Daughter of Llyr (Cardiff, 1938) | MacCana Bronwen |
| Parry, T. A History of Welsh Literature, translated are the Welsh by H. Idris Bell (Oxford, 1955) | Parry W.H.L. |
| The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse (Oxford, 1962) | Parry O.B.W.V. |
| Four Ancient Books of Wales, Vol. I, English translation; Vol. II, Welsh text (Edinburgh, 1868) | Skene F.A.B.W. |
| Williams, G. An Introduction to Welsh Poetry (London, 1953) | Williams I.W.P. |
| The Burning Tree, English translations of Early Welsh Poems (London, 1956) | Williams B.T. |
| Williams, Sir Ifor Pedeir Keinc y Mabinogi, Welsh text (Cardiff, 1930) | Williams P.K. |
| 'The Poems of Llywarch Hen', PBA XVIII (1932) | Williams P.B.A. |
| Canu Llywarch Hen, Welsh text (Cardiff, 1935) | Williams C.Ll.H |
| Canu Aneirin, Welsh text (Cardiff, 1938) | Williams C.A. |
| Lectures on Early Welsh Poetry (Dublin, 1944) | Williams E.W.P. |
| Armes Prydein, Welsh text (Cardiff, 1955) | Williams A.B. |
| Canu Taliesin, Welsh text (Cardiff, 1960) | Williams C.T. |
| Allen, J. Romilly, The Early Christian Monuments of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1893) | Allen E.C.M.S. |
| Anderson, J. Introduction to Allen (as above), being the Rhind Lectures (Edinburgh, 1892) | Anderson R.A. |
| Clapham, W. 'Notes on the Origins of Hiberno-Saxon Art', Antiquity VIII (1934) | Clapham Antiquity |
| p183 Cruden, S. The Early Christian and Pictish Monuments of Scotland (Edinburgh, Stationery Office, 1957) | Cruden E.C.P.M.S. |
| Curle, A. O. The Treasure of Traprain (Glasgow, 1923) | Curle T.T. |
| Curle, C. L. 'The Chronology of the Early Christian Monuments of Scotland', Curle, PSAS LXXIV (1-40), 60. | Curle P.S.A.S. |
| Diack, F. C. The Inscriptions of Pictland (Aberdeen, 1944) | Diack I.P. |
| Hencken, H. O'N. The Archaeology of Cornwall and Scilly (London, 1932) | Hencken A.C.S. |
| Henderson, I. M. 'The Origin Centre of the Pictish Symbol Stones', PSAS XCI (1857-8), 44. | Henderson P.S.A.S. |
| Henry, F. Irish Art in the Early Christian Period (London, 2nd ed., 1940) | Henry I.A.E.C.P. |
| Jackson, K. 'The Pictish Language', being Chap. VI of Wainwright, PP (see below) | --- |
| Kermode, P. M. C. Manx Crosses (London, 1907) | Kermode M.C. |
| Kinvig, R. H. A History of the Isle of Man (Liverpool, 1950) | Kinvig H.I.M. |
| Langdon, A. G. Old Cornish Crosses (Truro, 1896) | Langdon O.C.C. |
| O'Dell. See Chapter V | --- |
| Radford, C. A. R. 'The Early Christian Monuments of Scotland', Antiquity XVI (1943), 1 | Radford Antiquity |
| p184 'Castle Dore', JRIC, New Series I, Appendix, 1951 | Radford J.R.I.C. |
| Whithorn and Kirkmadrine, Ministry of Works Official Guide-book (Edinburgh, 1957) | Radford W. and K. |
| Stevenson, R. B. K. 'Pictish Art', being Chap. V of PP (see below Wainwright) | Stevenson P.A. |
| Stuart, J. The Sculptured Stones of Scotland, 2 vols. Vol. I, Aberdeen, 1856; Vol. II, Edinburgh, 1867 | Stuart S.S.S. |
| Talbot Rice, D. English Art 871‑1100 (Oxford, 1952) | Talbot Rice E.A. |
| Wainwright, F. T. (Ed.) The Problem of the Picts (Edinburgh, 1955) | Wainwright P.P. |
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