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N1. SS. NEREI ET ACHILLEI
Cenc. 21 (S. Nereo): sol. II — Paris. 349 (S. Nereus) — Taur. 273 (Sanctorum Nerei et Archilei): titulus presbyteri cardinalis, non habet servitorem — Sign. 344.
A very ancient titulus, which in the 4c was called fasciol(a)e or de fasciola: the first form is found in the epitaph of a lector tituli fasciole, of 377 (De Rossi IChr. I n. 262); the second in an epitaph raised in 389 and 404 also to a lector de f. (Nuovo bull. crist. 1875 p. 51; see also the fragments, ibid., p91: de fasciola). These stones were all found in the basilica of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo in the cemetery of Domitilla on the Via Ardeatina, and bear witness, as do other documents, to the close relationship that existed between the cemetery basilica and the church within the walls. Fasciola must have been the name of place on the first part of the Via Appia near the Baths of Caracalla. It is only later that a passage of the Acts of SS. Processus and Martinianus (AA. SS. Juli tom. I p304):º exeuntes ergo de custodia sancti apostoli per viam quae Appia nuncupatur ad portam Appiam pervenerunt, beatissimo autem Petro apostolo, cuius pedem attriverant compedes ferrei, cecidit fasciola apud sepem in Via Nova, was connected with the name of the basilica. The father of Pope Felix III (483‑492) was presbyter de titulo fasciolae (LP. L c. 1) and in the Roman council of 499 three priests of that church are among the signers (see above, p124 n23). On the other hand among the signers of the council of 595 (above, p125 n14) we find a priest of the titulus SS. Nerei et Achillei, and over time the name of these two saints, whose cemetery basilica, as stated, belongs to the sanctuary within the walls, replaced the original local name. Leo III, probably in 814 (see Rendiconti dell' Accademia Pontificia I, 1923, p. 111) conspiciens ecclesiam beatorum martyrum Nerei et Achillei prae nimia vetustate deficere atque aquarum inundantiam repleri, iuxta eandem ecclesiam noviter a fundamentis in loco superiore ecclesiam (construxit) mire magnitudinis et pulchritudinis decoratam (LP. XCVIII c. 111). This 9c building, restored under Sixtus IV, is still extant.
Del Sodo Vallicell. -, Vatic. p. 241; Panciroli 1 625 2 775; Lonigo Barb. f. 42 v., Vallicell. f. 61v.; Severano Sette Chiese 470; Martinelli 260; Bruti vol. 17 (to. XVI) f. 146‑172 (ital.), vol. 12 (to. XI) f. 113‑121º (lat.); Nibby 555; Forcella XI p. 419‑424; De Rossi Bull. arch. crist. 1875 p. 49‑56. 1879 p. 91‑95; Lais Memorie del titolo di Fasciola (Roma 1880); Armellini 1467 2591; Marucchi 163; Kehr IP. I p. 119; Angeli 421; Lais Nuovo bull. di arch. crist. XI, 1905, p. 274 seq.; Calvi Bibliografia 102; Kirsch, Die römischen Titelkirchen 90‑94. • Titi 72‑73.
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