What is the copyright status of this item?

Some images and text were created by ME:

Most of the images on this site are photographs taken by me, and I wrote almost all the text. I therefore had the choice of reserving my rights or not; and, in general, did. Here is the legalese:

Copyright Notice

All material on this site not covered by other copyright and not explicitly marked as public domain is

the year being that of the last update.

If you would like to include any material on this site on your website or in printed material for sale, just drop me a line, and be sure to tell me what use you hope to make of it. I may be able to provide you better material (e.g.: related items that do not appear on my site, or in some cases professional-quality photographs).

The text of all bibliography pages, with these backgrounds:

is of dubious copyrightability; at any rate, I've chosen to cede it to the public domain.

The images in those pages, however, are not in the public domain: for one thing, in fact, many of them belong to other people.

Some images and text were created by OTHERS:

Text is credited and marked with the appropriate copyright notice, if any.
Images created by others include 1 or 2 asterisks * right before the final ".jpg" or ".gif" of their URL.

• 1 asterisk     *: the image is in the public domain.
• 2 asterisks **: the image is copyright and reproduced by permission. If you wish to reproduce it, you must request permission, not from me but from the copyright owner.

Where they appear on my site, such images may be credited and marked copyright in the same way as text; but this is often obtrusive, so each image not by me has its own separate copyright notice page with the appropriate information. To find that page, you may:

• always: click on the image until you get to a version with no border; then click on this borderless version.
• often: replace ".jpg" or ".gif" by ".html" in the URL and enter that.

The covers of books are reproduced without permission, by way of fair use; clicking on such images will lead to you a mini-review of the book, which will also contain the copyright information.

Also by way of fair use, images from other sites have been used without permission, for the sole purposes of linking to those sites. These images exist on my own site only as thumbnails. This one, for example leads to a wonderful site on, would you believe it, Roman Britain.