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III

This webpage reproduces a section of
The Res Gestae
of
Augustus
as published in the Loeb Classical Library,
1924

The text is in the public domain.

This text has been carefully proofread
and I believe it to be free of errors.
If you find a mistake though, please let me know!

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V

Monumentum Ancyranum
(Res Gestae Divi Augusti)

Part IV

19 1 Cúriam et continens eí chalcidicum, templumque Apollinis in 2 Palatio cum porticibus, aedem dívi Iulí, Lupercal, porticum ad cir3 cum Fláminium, quam sum appellári passus ex nómine eius quí pri4 órem eódem in solo fecerat Octaviam, pulvinar ad circum maximum, 5 aedés in Capitolio Iovis Feretrí et Iovis Tonantis, § aedem Quiriní, § 6 aedés Minervae § et Iúnonis Reginae § et Iovis Libertatis in Aventíno, § 7 aedem Larum in summá sacrá viá, § aedem deum  p376 Penátium in Velia, § 8 aedem Iuventátis, § aedem Mátris Magnae in Palátio fécí. §

19 2 Βουλευτήριον καὶ το πλησίον αὐτῶι χαλκιδικόν, 3 ναόν τε Ἀπόλλωνος ἐν Παλατίωι σὺν στοαῖς, 4 ναὸν θεοῦ Ἰουλίου, Πανὸς ἱερόν, στοὰν πρὸς ἱπ5ποδρόμωι τῶι προσαγορευομένωι Φλαμινίωι, ἣν 6 εἴασα προσαγορεύεσθαι ἐξ ὀνόματος ἐκείνου Ὀκτα7ουϊα, ὃς πρῶτος αὐτὴν ἀνέστησεν, ναὸν πρὸς τῶι 8 μεγάλωι ἱπποδρόμωι, § ναοὺς ἐν Καπιτωλίωι 9 Διὸς Τροπαιοφόρου καὶ Διὸς Βροντησίου, ναὸν 10 Κυρείνου, § ναοὺς Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ Ἥρας Βασιλίδος καὶ 11 Διὸς Ἐλευθερίου ἐν Ἀουεντίνωι, ἡρώων πρὸς τῆι 12 ἱερᾶι ὁδῶι, θεῶν κατοικιδίων ἐν Οὐελίαι, ναὸν Νεό13τητος, ναὸν Μητρὸς θεῶν ἐν Παλατίωι ἐπόησα.

19 I built the curia​69 and the Chalcidicum adjoining it, the temple of Apollo on the Palatine with its porticoes,​70 the temple of the deified Julius,​71 the Lupercal,​72 the portico at the Circus Flaminius which I allowed to be called Octavia​73 after the name of him who had constructed an earlier one on the same site, the state box at the Circus Maximus, the temples on the capitol of Jupiter Feretrius​74 and Jupiter Tonans,​75 the temple of Quirinus,​76 the temples of Minerva, of Juno the Queen, and of Jupiter Libertas, on the Aventine,​77 the temple of the Lares at the highest point of the Sacra Via, the temple of the Di Penates on the  p377 Velia,​78 the temple of Youth,​79 and the temple of the Great Mother on the Palatine.​80

20 9 Capitolium et Pompeium theatrum utrumque opus impensá grandí reféci 10 sine ullá inscriptione nominis meí. § Rívos aquarum complúribus locís 11 vetustáte labentés refécí, § et aquam quae Márcia appellátur duplicavi 12 fonte novo in rivum eius inmisso. § Forum Iúlium et basilicam, 13 quae fuit inter aedem Castoris et aedem Saturni, § coepta profligata14 que opera á patre meó perféci § et eandem basilicam consumptam in15 cendio ampliáto eius solo sub titulo nominis filiórum meorum in16 cohavi § et, si vivus nón perfecissem, perfici ab heredibus iussi. 17 Duo et octoginta templa deum in urbe consul sextum  p378 ex decreto 18 senatus reféci, nullo praetermisso quod eo tempore refici debebat. 19 Consul septimum viam Flaminiam ab urbe Ariminum feci et pontes 20 omnes praeter Mulvium et Minucium.

20 14 Καπιτώλιον καὶ τὸ Πομπηίου θέατρον ἑκάτερον 15 τὸ ἔργον ἀναλώμασιν μεγίστοις ἐπεσκεύασα ἄ16νευ ἐπιγραφῆς τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀνόματος. § Ἀγωγοὺς ὑ17δάτων ἐν πλείστοις τόποις τῆι παλαιότητι ὀλισ18θάνοντας ἐπεσκεύασα καὶ ὑδωρ τὸ καλούμενον 19 Μάρκιον ἐδίπλωσα πηγὴν νέαν εἰς τὸ ῥεῖθρον 20 αὐτοῦ ἐποχετεύσας. § Ἀγορὰν Ἰουλίαν καὶ βασι21 λικὴν τὴν μεταξὺ τοῦ τε ναοῦ τῶν Διοσκό22 ρων καὶ τοῦ Κρόνου καταβεβλημένα ἔργα ὑπὸ τοῦ 23 πατρός μου ἐτελείωσα καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν βασιλικὴν 24 καυθεῖσαν ἐπὶ αὐξηθέντι ἐδάφει αὐτῆς ἐξ ἐπιγ1ραφῆς ὀνόματος τῶν ἐμῶν υἱῶν ὑπηρξάμην 2 καὶ εἰ μὴ αὺτὸς τετελειώκοιμι, τελειωθῆναι ὑπὸ 3 τῶν ἐμῶν κληρονόμων ἐπέταξα. Δύo καὶ ὸγδο4 ήκοντα ναοὺς ἐν τῆι πόλει ἕκτον ὑπατος δόγμα5 τι συνκλήτου ἐπεσκεύασὰ οὐδένα περιλιπών, ὃς 6 ἐκείνωι τῶι χρόνωι ἐπισκευῆς ἐδεῖτο. § Ὕπατος ἕ7 βδομον ὁδὸν Φλαμινίαν ἀπὸ Ῥώμης Ἀρίμινον 8 γεφύρας τε τὰς ἐν αὐτῆι πάσας ἔξω δυεῖν τῶν μὴ 9 ἐπιδεομένων ἐπισκευῆς ἐπόησα.

20 The Capitolium​81 and the theatre of Pompey,​82 both works involving great expense, I rebuilt without any inscription of my own name. I restored the channels of the aqueducts which in several places were falling into disrepair through age, and doubled the capacity of the aqueduct called the Marcia by turning a new spring into its channel.​83 I completed the Julian Forum​84 and the basilica which was between the temple of Castor and the temple of Saturn, works begun and far advanced by my father, and when the same basilica was destroyed by fire I began its reconstruction on an enlarged site, to be inscribed with the names of my sons, and ordered that in case I should not live to complete it, it should be completed by my heirs.​85 In my sixth consul­ship,​86 in accordance with a decree  p379 of the senate, I rebuilt in the city eighty-two temples of the gods, omitting none which at that time stood in need of repair. As consul for the seventh time​87 I constructed the Via Flaminia from the city to Ariminum, and all the bridges except the Mulvian and the Minucian.​88

21 21 In privato solo Mártis Vltoris templum forumque Augustum ex mani22 biís fecí. § Theatrum ad aede​29 Apollinis in solo magná ex parte á privatis 23 empto féci, quod sub nomine M. Marcelli generi mei esset. § Dona ex 24 manibiís in Capitolio et in aede dívi Iúlí et in aede Apollinis et in ae25 de Vestae et in templo Martis Vltoris consacrávi, § quae mihi consti26 terunt HS circiter milliens. § Aurí coronárí pondo triginta et quinque millia múnicipiís  p380 et colonís Italiae conferentibus ad triumphós28º meós quintum consul remisi, et posteá, quotienscumque imperátor appel29 látus sum, aurum coronárium nón accepi decernentibus municipiis 30 et colonis aeque benigne adquo antea decreverant.

21 10 Ἐν ἰδιωτικῶι ἐδάφει Ἄρεως Ἀμύντορος ἀγοράν τε Σε11βαστὴν ἐκ λαφύρων ἐπόησα. § Θέατρον πρὸς τῶι 12 Ἀπόλλωνος ναῶι ἐπὶ ἐδάφους ἐκ πλείστου μέρους ἀγο13ρασθέντος ἀνήγειρα § ἐπὶ ὀνόματος Μαρκέλλου 14 τοῦ γαμβροῦ μου. Ἀναθέματα ἐκ λαφύρων ἐν Καπι15τωλίωι καὶ ναῶι Ἰουλίωι καὶ ναῶι Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ 16 Ἑστίας καὶ Ἄρεως ἀφιέρωσα, ἃ ἐμοὶ κατέστη 17 ἐνγὺς μυριάδων δισχειλίων πεντακοσίων. 18 Εἰς χρυσοὺν στέφανον λειτρῶν τρισμυρίων 19 πεντακισχειλίων καταφερούσαις ταῖς ἐν Ἰταλί20αι πολειτείαις καὶ ἀποικίαις συνεχώρησα τὸ πέμ21 πτον ὑπατεύων, καὶ ὑστερον ὁσάκις αὐτοκράτωρ 22 προσηγορεύθην, τὰς εἰς τὸν στέφανον ἐπαγγε23λίας οὐκ ἔλαβον ψηφιζομένων τῶν πολειτειῶν 24 καὶ ἀποικιῶν μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς προθυμίας, καθ1άπερ καὶ ἐψήφιστο πρότερον.

21 On my own ground I built the temple of Mars Ultor and the Augustan Forum from the spoils of war.​89 On ground purchased for the most part from private owners I built the theatre near the temple of Apollo which was to bear the name of my son-in‑law Marcus Marcellus.​90 From the spoils of war I consecrated offerings on the Capitol, and in the temple of the divine Julius, and in the temple of Apollo, and in the temple of Vesta, and in the temple of Mars Ultor, which cost me about one hundred million sesterces.​91 In my fifth consul­ship I remitted thirty-five thousand pounds weight of  p381 coronary gold​92 contributed by the municipia and the colonies of Italy, and thereafter, whenever I was saluted as imperator, I did not accept the coronary gold, although the municipia and colonies voted it in the same kindly spirit as before.

22 31 Ter munus gladiátorium dedí meo nomine et quinquens​30 filiórum meo32 rum aut nepótum nomine; quibus muneribus depugnaverunt homi33 num circiter decem millia. § Bis athletarum undique accitorum 34 spectaclum populo praebui meo nómine et tertium nepotis meí no35 mine. § Ludos fecí meo nomine quater, § aliorum autem magistrá36 tuum vicem ter et viciens. § Pro conlegio XV virorum magister con37 legií collega M. Agrippa § ludos saeclares C. Furnio  p382 C. Silano cos. feci. 38 Consul XIII ludos Martiales primus feci, quos post id tempus deinceps 39 insequentibus annis s. c. mecum​31 fecerunt consules. § Venationes bestia40 rum Africanárum meo nómine aut filiorum meórum et nepotum in cir41 co aut in foro aut in amphitheatris populo dedi sexiens et viciens, quibus 42 confecta sunt bestiarum circiter tria millia et quingentae.

22 2 Τρὶς μονομαχίαν ἔδωκα τῶι ἐμῶι ὀνόματι καὶ 3 πεντάκις τῶν υἱῶν μου ἢ υἱωνῶν· ἐν αἴς μονο4 μαχίαις ἐμαχέσαντο ἐγγὺς μύριοι. Δὶς ἀθλητῶν παν5ταχόθεν μεταπεμφθέντων γυμνικοῦ ἀγῶνος θέαν 6 τῶι δήμωι παρέσχον τῶι ἐμῶι ὀνόματι και τρίτον 7 τοῦ υἱωνοῦ μου. Θέας ἐπόησα δι’ ἐμοῦ τετράκις, 8 διὰ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀρχῶν ἐν μέρει τρὶς καὶ εἰκοσάκις. § 9 Ὑπὲρ τῶν δεκαπέντε ἀνδρῶν, ἔχων συνάρχοντα 10 Μᾶρκον Ἀγρίππαν, τὰς θέας διὰ ἑκατὸν ἐτῶν γεινο11μένας ὀνομαζομένας σαικλάρεις ἐπόησα Γαϊωι 12 Φουρνίωι καὶ Γαϊωι Σειλανῶι ὑπάτοις. § Ὕπατος τρισ13καιδέκατον θέας Ἄρεως πρῶτος ἐπόησα, ἃς μετ’ ἐ14κεῖνον χρόνον ἑξῆς τοῖς μετέπειτα ἐνιαυτοῖς 15 δόγματι συνκλήτου σὺν ἐμοὶ ἐπόησαν οἱ ὑπα16 τοι . . . . . . . . . . . . ν . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ης θηρίων e
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20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22 Three times in my own name I gave a show of gladiators, and five times in the name of my sons or grandsons; in these shows there fought about ten thousand men.​93 Twice in my own name I furnished for the people an exhibition of athletes gathered from all parts of the world, and a third time in the name of my grandson.​94 Four times I gave games in my own name; as representing other magistrates twenty-three times.​95 For the college of quindecemvirs, as master of that college and with Marcus Agrippa as my colleague, I conducted  p383 the Secular Games in the consul­ship of Gaius Furnius and Marcus Silanus.​96 In my thirteenth consul­ship I gave, for the first time, the games of Mars, which, since that time, the consuls by decree of the senate have given in successive years in conjunction with me.​97 In my own name, or that of my sons or grandsons, on twenty-six occasions I gave to the people, in the circus, in the forum, or in the amphitheatre, hunts of African wild beasts, in which about three thousand five hundred beasts were slain.

23 43 Navalis proelí spectaclum populo dedi trans Tiberim, in quo loco 44 nunc nemus est Caesarum, cavato solo in longitudinem mille 45 et octingentós pedés, § in látitudinem mille et ducenti.​32 In quo tri46 ginta rostrátae náves trirémes aut biremés, §  p384 plures autem 47 minóres inter se conflixérunt. Quibus in classibus pugnave48 runt praeter rémigés millia hominum tria circiter. §

23 21  Ναυμαχίας θέαν τῶι δήμωι ἔδωκα πέραν τοῦ Τι22 βέριδος, ἐν ὧι τόπωι ἐστὶ νῦν ἄλσος Καισάρων, 23 ἐκκεχωκὼς τὸ ἔδαφος εἰς μῆκος χειλίων ὀκτακο24σίων ποδῶν, εἰς πλάτος χιλίων διακοσίων. Ἐν ἧι 1 τριάκοντα ναῦς ἔμβολα ἔχουσαι τριήρεις ἣ δί2κροτοι, αἱ δὲ ἥσσονες πλείους ἐναυμάχησαν. § 3 Ἐν τούτωι στόλωι ἠγωνίσαντο ἔξω τῶν ἐρετῶν 4 πρόσπου ἄνδρες τρισχείλιοι.

23 I gave the people the spectacle of a naval battle beyond the Tiber, at the place where now stands the grove of the Caesars, the ground having been excavated for •a length of eighteen hundred and a breadth of twelve hundred feet.​98 In this spectacle thirty beaked ships, triremes or biremes,  p385 and a large number of smaller vessels met in conflict. In these fleets there fought about three thousand men exclusive of the rowers.​99

24 49 In templís omnium civitátium provinciae Asiae victor orna50 menta reposui, quae spoliátis templis is cum quó bellum gesseram 51 privátim possederat. § Statuae meae pedestrés et equestres et in 52 quadrigeis argenteae steterunt in urbe XXC circiter, quas ipse 53 sustuli § exque eá pecuniá dona aurea in áede Apollinis meó nomi54 ne et illórum, qui mihi statuárum honórem habuerunt, posui. §

24 5  Ἐν ναοῖς πασῶν πόλεων τῆς Ἀσίὰς νεικήσας τὰ ἀναθέ6 ματα ἀποκατέστησα, ἃ εἶχεν ἰδίαι ἱεροσυλήσας ὁ 7 ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ διαγωνισθεὶς πολέμιος. Ἀνδριάντες πε8ζοὶ καὶ ἔφιπποί μου καὶ ἐφ’ ἅρμασιν ἀργυροῖ εἱστήκει9σαν ἐν τῆι πόλει ἐνγὺς ὀγδοήκοντα, οὓς αὺτὸς ἣρα, 10 ἐκ τούτου τε τοῦ χρῆματος ἀναθέματα χρυσᾶ ἐν 11 τῶι ναῶι τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τῶι τε ἐμῶι ὀνόματι καὶ 12 ἐκείνων, οἵτινές με τούτοις τοῖς ἀνδριᾶσιν ἐτείμη13σαν, ἀνέθηκα.

24 After my victory​100 I replaced in the temples in all the cities of the province of Asia the ornaments which my antagonist in the war,​101 when he despoiled the temples, had appropriated to his private use. Silver statues of me, on foot, on horseback, and in chariots were erected in the city to the number of about eighty; these I myself removed, and from the money thus obtained I placed in the temple of Apollo golden offerings in my own name and in the name of those who had paid me the honour of a statue.​102

The Editor's Notes:

Critical Notes:

29 aede (sic).

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30 quinquens (sic), quinquiens Mon. Ant.

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31 s. c. mecum supplied by Wirtz.

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32 ducenti (sic).

Explanatory Notes:

69 This is the Curia Iulia dedicated in 29 B.C. on the site of the old Curia Hostilia.

Thayer's Note: For full details on the Curia Julia — the senate-house — see the article in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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70 The Temple of Apollo was begun soon after 36 B.C. (Vell. II.81) and dedicated 28 B.C.

For full details, see Aedes Apollinis Palatini in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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71 At theº eastern end of the forum, on the site where Caesar's body was burned. Dedicated August 18, 29 B.C.

For full details, see Aedes Divi Iuli in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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72 Formerly a cave in the rock on the south-west of the Palatine, where the she-wolf was supposed to have suckled the twins. It was now converted into a nymphaeum.

For full details, see the article Lupercal in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Interestingly, the Greek refers to the Lupercal as Πανὸς ἱερόν: the shrine of Pan.

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73 Near the theatre of Pompey. For the original portico built by Octavius, who defeated the fleet of Perses in 168, see Vell. II.1.

For full details, see Porticus Octavia in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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74 A restoration at the suggestion of Atticus, in 31 B.C., of the chapel near the large temple of Iupiter Optimus Maximus, in which Roman generals hung the arms taken from their enemies slain in single combat.

For full details, see Jupiter Feretrius in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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75 Dedicated September 1, 22 B.C., to commemorate his miraculous escape from a bolt of lightning when on his Cantabrian expedition, 26‑25 B.C. It was at the entrance to Area Capitolina.

For full details, see Jupiter Tonans in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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76 On the Quirinal, dedicated in 16 B.C.

For full details, see Aedes Quirini in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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77 These three temples on the Aventine were restorations of earlier temples.

For full details, see the following articles in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome: Aedes Minervae • Juno Regina • Juppiter Libertas.

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78 These two temples in the neighbourhood of the later arch of Titus apparently disappeared to make room for the colossal constructions of Hadrian and Constantine.

For full details, see the following articles in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome: Temple of the Lares • Temple of the Di Penates; note that a careful study by Whitehead and Biasiotti has modified the scholar­ly consensus: the temple of the Penates, at least, seems to have been not near the Arch of Titus, but on the other (north) side of the Sacra Via.

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79 On the Palatine facing the Circus Maximus, destroyed by fire 16 B.C.

For full details, see the article Aedes Iuventatis in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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80 Dedicated in 191 B.C.; destroyed by fire, 3 A.D.

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81 The temple of Iupiter Optimus Maximus, built according to tradition by Tarquinius Superbus, burned to the ground in 83; the rebuilding was begun by Sulla and completed by Catulus in 69 B.C.

For full details, see the article Aedes Iovis Capitolini in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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82 The first stone theatre in Rome, built in 55 B.C. It continued to be the most important theatre in the city.

For full details, see the article Theatrum Pompei in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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83 For these restorations of the aqueducts, see Frontinus, De Aquis, 125, translated by Herschel.

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84 Dedicated along with the Basilica Iulia on the occasion of the triumph after the battle of Thapsus.

For full details, see the article Forum Iulium in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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85 The basilica was soon destroyed by fire. The rebuilding was begun in 12 B.C. The later name, basilica Gai et Luci, never gained general acceptance.

For full details, see the article Basilica Iulia in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

❦

86 Augustus was consul for the sixth time in 28 B.C.

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87 27 B.C.

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88 Now the Ponte Molle over the Tiber. The location of the Minucian Bridge is not known. In the Greek version these two bridges are not named but simply referred to as "two bridges not in need of repair."

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89 This temple was vowed before the battle of Philippi, but only completed and dedicated in 2 B.C. Part of the temple still stands, as also part of the surrounding wall of the Forum.

For full details, see the article Forum Augustum in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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90 The theatre of Marcellus on the Campus Martius was dedicated May 4, 11 B.C. Marcellus died in 23. Part of the outer wall still stands.

For full details, see the article Theatrum Marcelli in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

❦

91 Suet. Aug. 30, states that at one single donation he presented to the temple of Iupiter Capitolinus 16,000 pounds of gold (64,000,000 sesterces) and in addition gems and pearls amounting to 50,000,000 sesterces. That such statements were grossly exaggerated is shown by the fact that his total donations, 100,000,000 sesterces ($4,000,000 or £800,000) fell short of the amount reported for this one gift.

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92 The custom had grown up for cities affected by a victory to give crowns of gold to a triumphing imperator. These crowns seem later to have been commuted for cash which was called coronarium aurum. The amount named here, 35,000 pounds, corresponds to the number of the tribes and would seem to have come from them. The occasion was his triumph in 29 B.C.

For further details, see the article Aurum Coronarium in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.

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93 Of these eight gladiatorial shows, seven are mentioned in other sources: 29 B.C., on the occasion of the dedication of the temple of Julius; 28 B.C.; 16 B.C.; 12 B.C., in honour of Gaius and Lucius; 7 B.C.; 2 B.C., at the dedication of the temple of Mars Ultor; A.D. 6, in honour of the elder Drusus.

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94 Suet. Aug. 43, states that on one occasion (probably 28 B.C., cf. Dio, LIII.1) wooden seats for the spectators were erected in the Campus Martius. Which grandson, whether Germanicus or Drusus, is referred to in connexion with the third exhibition is not known.

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95 These were the usual games of the circus and theatre given by magistrates when entering upon their offices.

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96 The fifth celebration of the secular games, June 1‑3, 17 B.C. An inscription reporting this celebration of the end of the century was found in 1890, CIL VI.32, 323. For an interesting account of it see Lanciani, Pagan and Christian Rome, p73.

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97 The Ludi Martiales, celebrated for the first time in 2 B.C., on the occasion of the dedication of the temple of Mars Ultor.

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98 The Naumachia Augusti was directly across the Tiber from the lower corner of the Aventine. The present church of S. Francesco a Ripa is located near one focus of the ellipse and that of S. Cosimato near the other. Remains have been found of the pavement and the travertine walls. The water was supplied by the Aqua Alsietina, 33 kilometres long, built by Augustus expressly for this purpose.

For full details, see the articles Naumachia Augusti and Aqua Alsietina in Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome.

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99 For this spectacle see Vell. II.100. The date was 2 B.C., on the occasion of the dedication of the temple of Mars Ultor. Dio, LV.10, states that the fight represented a battle of Athenians and Persians, and that the former were victorious.

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100 At Actium in 31 B.C.

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101 Antony is never mentioned by name. He had robbed of their statues and ornaments various temples at Samos, Ephesus, Pergamos, and Rhoeteum in the province of Asia and had given them to Cleopatra. Cf. Dio, LI.17.

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102 For the melting up of these statues see Suet. Aug. 52, and Dio, LIII.52. Suetonius says that these golden offerings were tripods.

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Page updated: 9 Feb 19