The
principal essays are indicated in capital letters. Indented in
hierarchal order are the illustrated remarks that accompany them.
Those titles in italics are simply a reminder to myself that
the essay has been re-edited and updated, its references cited
in the general Bibliography, the terms indexed in the Contents,
the links indicated in the Site Map, and the illustrations rescanned
in a larger format. Invariably, these essays are the most recent
and complete.
Ancient Rome
ACONITE
Claudius (Scribonius
Largus)
Caius Julius Callistus
Dioscorides:
De Materia Medica
Crateuas
Mithridatum
Mattioli
(lilac)
Busbecq
Gesner
(tulip)
Carolus
Clusius
(horse chestnut)
Gerard
(potato)
Tulipomania
Semper Augustus
Conchylomania
Conus cedonulli
Conus ammiralis
Spired cones: Conus gloriamaris
Glory Cones
Conus marmoreus
Conus geographus
Conus striatus
Conus chusaki
Conus textile
Rumphius
Shell Symmetry
Epitonium scalare
da Costa
Nicander
ARCHITECTURE
Vitruvius
Orders
Corinthian
Doric
Ionic
Composite
Elements
Entablature
Cornice
Glossary of Architectural
Terms
BIBLIOTHECA
CALENDAR
Intercalation
Fasti Antiades
Fasti Praenestini
Ludi
The Consular Year
Julian Calendar
Lupercalia
She-Wolf
Ides of March
Cicero
Vinalia
Robigalia
Floralia
Spring
Saturnalia
Sol Invictus
Reforms of Augustus
CIRCUS MAXIMUS
Rape of the Sabines
Roman Circuses
Circus of Maxentius
Marble Map
Trajan and Obelisk
Ovid
Pandateria
Venationes
Sphendone
Metae
Circus Plan
Lyon
Quadriga
Biga
Metae
Conformation
Relief
Roman Horse
Carthage
Naufragium
Charioteer
Scorpus
Juvenal
Factions
Nika Riot
Hippodrome
Sack of Constantinople
Horses of Saint Mark's
Serpent Column
Delphi
Battle of Plataea
Meta
Sphendone
Porphyrius
Gaming device
Theodora
Cassiodorus
Isidore of Seville
GLADIATORS
Spartacus
Martyrs (Perpetua)
Montanism
Alexamenos Graffito
Women
Secutor
Helmet
Römische Villa Nennig
Retiarius
Galerus
Murmillo
Helmet
Thraex
Greaves
Helmet
Hoplomachus
Equites and Lanista
Naumachia
Syracuse
Mérida
Naumachiae
Bestiarius
Venationes
Venatores
Domestic Spectacle
Telegenii
Piazza Armerina
Africanae
Elephants
Vegetius
Amphitheater
Pompeii
Quadriporticus
Colosseum
Scriptores
Ave
Habet
Death
Pollice Verso
Zliten mosaic
Ad bestias
IMPERIAL FORA
Model of Rome
Model of Imperial Fora
Forma Urbis Romae
Forum of Julius
Model of Forum
Tabernae
Temple of
Venus Genetrix
Cornice
Forum of
Augustus
Model of Forum
Porticoes
Caryatids
Exedrae
Temple of Mars Ultor
Precinct Wall
Corinthian capitals
Pegasus
Ruins
Arco dei Pantani
Pediment
Forum
of Vespasian
Model
of Forum
Temple
of Peace
Judaea Capta
Forma Urbis
Romae
Forum of Nerva
Model of Forum
Transitorium
Colonnacce
Forum of Trajan
Model of Forum
Apollodorus
Forum Square
Basilica Ulpia
Column of Trajan
Bibliotheca
Ulpia
Temple of Divine
Trajan
Trajan's Market
MISCELLANEA
Roman Museums
Capitoline Museum
Marforio
Dying Gaul
Ludovisi Group
Flavian Lady
Theatrical Mask
Conservators' Palace Museum
Constantine
Commodus
She-Wolf
Pius-Clementine Museum
Laocoön
Apollo Belvedere
Hermes
Apoxyomenos
Belvedere
Torso
Augustus
of Prima Porta
National Roman Museum
Discobolus
Boxer
Venus of Cyrene
Dogs in Ancient Greece
and Rome
Mea Culpa
Venatio
Molossian
Cave Canem
Vertragus
Venatio
Coursing
Numismatics
Domitian
Trajan
Septimius Severus
Cleopatra
Antony
Pearl
Pompey
Allure
Beauty
Egypt
Death
Corona Civica
Appius Claudius and the Letter
Z
The Battle
of Teutoburg Forest
The Esquiline
Venus
Edward John Poynter
Lawrence Alma-Tadema
The Cave
of the Storm Nymphs
The Venus
de Milo
The Base of the
Statue
Venus Felix
Trivia Questions
New Year
Vitruvian Man
Discus Thrower
Columns
Consul
Elephants
Yoke
Musa
Sling
Satyricon
Gold
Aquillius
Crassus
Carrhae
Gellius
Blind
Teeth
Reign
ROMAN FORUM
Arch of Augustus
Arch of Severus
Arch of Tiberius
Basilica Aemilia
Coin
Basilica Julia
Columns of Diocletian
Basilica of Constantine
Campo Vaccino
Clivus Capitolinus
Porticus Deorum
Consentium
Column of Phocas
Curia Julia (Senate House)
Opus sectile
Plutei
Marsyas
Ficus
House of the Vestals
Vestal
Lacus Curtius
Lacus Juturnae
Temple of Juturna
Aqua Virgo
Quinaria
Cippus
Via del Nazareno
Forma Urbis Romae
(Arch of Claudius)
Portico of Pompey
Regia
Rostra
Umbilicus Romae
Milliarium Aureum
Tabularium
Temple of Antoninus and
Faustina
Temple of Castor
Loculi
Temple of Concord
Modillions
Temple of Divine Julius
Temple of Saturn
Aerarium
Temple of Vespasian
Façade
Frieze
Temple of Vesta
Tullianum
Via Sacra
ROMAN URBS
Arch of Constantine
Arch of Titus
Aurelian Wall
Arch of Drusus
Baths of Caracalla
Baths
Baths of Diocletian
Plan
Circus Maximus
Colosseum
Mausoleum of Hadrian
Palatine
House of Augustus
Pantheon
Pons Aemilius
Pons Fabricius
Temple of Apollo Sosianus
Temple of Portunus
Temple of Venus and Rome
Tomb of Gaius Cestius
SCROLL AND CODEX
Papyrus
Capsa
Majuscule
Calamus
SEVERANS
Marcus Aurelius
Faustina the Younger
Commodus
Venatio
Praetorian Guard
Septimius Severus
Caracalla
Baths of Caracalla
Elagabalus
WINE
Vintages
Myrrhina
Amphorae
Autumn
Lead Poisoning
Apicius
Garum
Mullet
Fishponds
Vedius Pollio
Murenae
Thermopolium
Mount Vesuvius
Roman Britain
Albinus
Antonine
Wall
BOUDICA
Torc
Stained glass portrait
Arch of Claudius
Hosidius Geta
Aqua Virgo
Colchester
Petilius Cerialis
Legio XX
Bronze statue
Chariot
Brittunculi
Vindolanda
Julius Classicianus
Caesar in Gaul
Vercingetorix
Historical
Geography
Thule
MONS GRAUPIUS
Calgacus
Locations
ROMAN RUINS IN
BRITAIN
Bath
Pediment
Caerleon
Barracks
Prysg Field
Caernarfon
Caerwent
Chester
Grosvenor Museum
Cirencester
Amphitheater
Chedworth
Colchester
Fishbourne
Hadrian's Wall
Vindolanda
Chesters
South Shields
Corbridge
Birdoswald
Mithras
Hardknott
Hardknott Pass
London
Lullingstone
Pevensey
Pharos
Portchester
Richborough
Defensive ditch
Silchester
St. Albans
Verulamium Museum
Wroxeter
York
Constantine
Tetrarchy
Constantius
Wade's Causeway
SAXON ADVENT
Hoxne Treasure
Bracelet
Tigress
Spoons
Pepper pot
Climate
Caerleon
Glastonbury
Abbey
Arthur
Y Gododdin
Badbury Rings
Slaughter Bridge
Legendary figure
Geoffrey of
Monmouth
Tintagel
Tennyson
Hunt
Waterhouse
Le Morte
Darthur
Guinevere
Dinas Emrys
WALES AND RESISTANCE
Caratacus
Snowdonia
Brigantes
Legion
Legio II Augusta
Roman Spain
ROMAN RUINS IN SPAIN
Alcantara
Cordoba
Empuries
Evora
Italica
Merida
Los Milagros
San Lazaro
Bridge
Eulalia
Numantia
Salamanca
Segovia
Tarragona
Toledo
SECOND CELTIBERIAN
WAR
Soria
Numantia
Classical and Hellenistic Greece
HETAIRAI
Iconography
Symposium
Kottabos
Flute girl
Lyre
Klinê
Dionysus
Maenads
Satyrs
Comus (Thaïs)
Red-figure vases
Cylix
Tondo
Aspasia
Pericles
Aphrodite of Cnidus
Tivoli
Capitoline Venus
Kaufmann Head
Tinted Venus
Palace of Lausus
Zeus
Moyaux
Apelles (Ludovisi Throne)
Diogenes the Cynic
PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY
Altar of Victory
Alaric
Honorius
Sack of Rome
Forum
Temple of Serapis
(Serapeum)
Statue of Serapis
Hypatia
Mitchell
Pagan temples
Temple of Artemis
Ionic order
Amazons
Artemision
Didyma (Didymaion)
Temple ground plan
Temple blue print
Anglo-Saxon England
THE
EARLY ENGLISH CHURCH
Æthelbert
St.
Augustine's Abbey
Synod
of Whitby
Jarrow
Franks
Casket
Pelagianism
LINDISFARNE
Lindisfarne
Priory
Stonyhurst
Gospel
Lindisfarne
Gospels
Durham
Cathedral
Codex
Amiatinus
BATTLE
OF MALDON
AD 991
Maldon
Estuary
Maldon
Manuscript
Ely
Cathredral (Byrhtnoth)
Olaf
Tryggvason
Olaf Tryggvason
(Lewis chess pieces)
Long
Serpent
Heggen Vane
Gokstad
Ship
Olaf
Haraldsson
London
Bridge
BEOWULF
Vitellius
Manuscript
Date
Synopsis
SUTTON
HOO
Helmet
Coppergate
Benty
Grange
"Dread
fiery dragon"
Buckle
Cloisonne
clasp
BATTLE
OF HASTINGS
Emma
Edward
the Confessor
Westminster
Abbey
Harold
Godwin
Forsworn
Halley's
Comet
Harold
Hardrada
Hauberk
Crossing
the Channel
Battle
axe
William
reveals himself
Shield
Wall
Death
of Harold
Emma
Anglo-Norman
Historians
Death
of William
Bayeux
Tapestry
Carmen
de Hastingae Proelio
Battle
Hill
Death
of Edith
FLOWERS
OF HISTORY
Exeter
Book of Riddles
Exeter
Book
Lady Godiva
Bestiary
Elephant
Misericord
Tiger
Heraldry
Rolls
Gonfanon
Blazon
Achievement
