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Vol. I |
(Born Md.) |
John H. Winder1 |
(Ap'd Md.) |
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John Henry Winder: Born Feb. 21, 1800. Military History. — Cadet at the Military Academy, Aug. 5, 1814, to July 1, 1820, when he was graduated and promoted in the Army to Second Lieut., Corps of Artillery, July 1, 1820. Transferred to Rifles, Oct. 23, 1820. Served: in garrison at Ft. McHenry, Md., 1820; on the Florida Frontier,
(Second Lieut., 4th Artillery,
(Transferred to 3d Artillery, Aug. 16, 1821) 1820‑22; on Ordnance duty, Feb. to Aug. 20, 1822; and on leave of absence, 1822‑23. Resigned, Aug. 31, 1823. Civil History. — Unknown. Re-appointed in the United States Army with the rank of Second Lieut., 1st Artillery, Apr. 2, 1827. Served: in garrison at Ft. Trumbull, Ct., 1827; at the Military Academy, as Asst. Instructor of Infantry Tactics, Nov. 22, 1827, to Sep. 21, 1828; in garrison at Ft. Johnston, N. C., 1828‑29; on Engineer duty (Cape Fear River Improvement), June 2, 1829, to Dec. 1, 1832; in garrison p253 at Ft. Johnston, N. C., 1832‑33, 1834‑35; on Engineer duty, May 30, (First Lieut., 1st Artillery, Nov. 30, 1833) 1835, to Jan. 21, 1836; in the Florida War, 1836, 1836‑38; as Adjutant, 1st Artillery, at Regimental Headquarters, May 23, 1838, to Jan. 20, 1840; as Bearer of Despatches to Bvt. Brig.‑General Arbuckle, 1840; on Maine Frontier, at Houlton, Me., 1840, pending "Disputed Territory" controversy; in garrison at Ft. Preble, Me., 1840‑41, 1841‑42, — Ft. Sullivan, Me., 1842‑43, — Hancock Barracks, Me., 1843‑44, — Ft. Kent, (Captain, 1st Artillery, Oct. 7, 1842) Me., 1844‑45, — Ft. Brooke, Fla., 1845‑46, — and Ft. Pickens, Fla., 1846‑47; in the War with Mexico, 1847‑48, being engaged in the Skirmish of La Hoya, June 20, 1847, — Skirmish of Ocalaca, Aug. 16, 1847, — Battle of Contreras, Aug. 19‑20, 1847, — Battle of Churubusco, Aug. 20,
(Bvt. Major, Aug. 20, 1847, for Gallant and Meritorious Conduct
1847, — Storming of Chapultepec, Sep. 13, 1847, — and Assault and Capture of the City of Mexico, Sep. 13‑14, 1847; in garrison at Ft. (Bvt. Lieut.‑Col, Sep. 14, 1847, for Gallant Conduct on entering the City of Mexico) Columbus, N. Y., 1849‑50, — Ft. Myers, Fla., 1850‑53, — Ft. Moultrie, S. C., 1853‑56, — Key West Barracks, Fla., 1856‑57, — Ft. Dallas, Fla., 1857‑58, — and Barrancas Barracks, Fla., 1858‑60; and on leave of (Major, 3d Artillery, Nov. 22, 1860) absence, 1860‑61. Resigned, Apr. 27, 1861. Joined in the Rebellion of 1861‑66 against the United States.a Died, Feb. 7, 1865, at Columbia, S. C.:b Aged 65. Buried, Green Mount Cemetery, Baltimore, MD. |
1 Was the son of General William H. Winder, who served in the War of 1812‑15, and was defeated at Bladensburg in 1814.
a John Winder's Confederate career was an unhappy one: he was in charge of the Confederacy's military prison camps, a hell in which many Union soldiers died of disease and starvation. It was widely claimed in the North at the time that they were being intentionally starved, and by dying of a heart attack when he did, Winder narrowly missed being hanged after the war: his second-in‑command suffered that fate, a scapegoat sacrifice to the shades of those thousands of Union dead. At a century and a half's remove from the passions of the war, it now seems likely that the terrible prison conditions were due much more to the Union government itself, whose stranglehold over the South made them inevitable; and the conditions were not good either at Northern prison camps, like Fort Douglas where so many Confederate soldiers died.
b Some online sites, following different print sources, give his place of death as Florence, S. C.
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Page updated: 5 Jan 14