Class of 1879

Vol. IV
p315 [Supplement, Vol. IV: 1890‑1900]

Military History. — Served: At Fort McIntosh, Tex., to July, 1890; at Fort Davis, Tex., to July, 1891; at Fort Sam Houston, Tex., to May, 1892 (Regimental Adjutant, 5th Infantry, May, 1892); stationed at St. Francis Barracks, Fla., until Oct., 1894; at Fort McPherson, Ga., to April 18, 1898 (Relieved as Adjutant, 5th U. S. Infantry, May, 1896).

(Captain of Infantry, 5th Infantry, June 1, 1897)

— Tampa, Fla., April 19-May 5, 1898, — Commanding Fort St. Philip, La., May 7-July 1, 1898.

(Major and Asst. Adjutant-General, U. S. Volunteers,
June 3, 1898)

— Adjutant-General, 3d Division, 4th Army Corps, July 1-Oct. 12, 1898 (July 1‑28, 1898, at Tampa; July 29-Aug. 29, at Fernandina, Fla.; Sept. 1-Oct. 12, at Huntsville, Ala.). — Adjutant-General, 3d Division, 2d Army Corps, Athens, Ga., Oct. 12, 1898; joined, Oct. 25, 1898. — Adjutant-General, 2d Division, 2d Army Corps, Greenville, S. C., Jan. 12, 1899, and so served until April 12, 1899.

(Honorably discharged from Volunteer Service,
April 12, 1899)

— Joined Company D, 5th Infantry, at Santiago de Cuba, May 18, 1899.

(Major, 31st U. S. Volunteer Infantry, July 5, 1899)

— Joined regiment at Fort Thomas, Ky., Aug. 3, 1899. — On duty with 2d Battalion, 31st U. S. Volunteer Infantry, at Fort Thomas, to –––––

Vol. V
p295 [Supplement, Vol. V: 1900‑1910]

Military History. — Served: In Mindanao, P. I., commanding Sub‑District of Davao, Dec., 1899 to Oct., 1901.

(Honorably discharged from Volunteer Service, June, 1901)

— Rejoined regiment, 5th U. S. Infantry, Oct., 1901 commanding troops, Abra Province, Luzon, P. I., until Dec. 24, 1901; Adjutant-General, 1st Separate Brigade at Dagupan, P. I., Dec. 26, 1901 to July 3, 1902.

(Major, 21st Infantry, U. S. A., May 5, 1902)

— Joined regiment at Fort Snelling, Minn., Sept. 20, 1902; detailed as Adjutant-General and assigned to duty, Chicago, A. G., Department Lakes, Sept. 15, 1903 to Sept., 1907; relieved and assigned to 13th U. S. Infantry; at Fort Leavenworth, Kas., from Oct. 29, 1907.

Vol. VI
p275 [Supplement, Vol. VI: 1910‑1920]

(Born March 21, 1857.)

Military History. —

Major, 21st Infantry, U. S. A., May 5, 1902.

Assigned to 13th Infantry, Sept. 3, 1907.

At Fort Leavenworth, Kans., commanding Battalion, Oct. 29, 1907,

(Lieut.‑Colonel, 15th Infantry, June 5, 1909)

to July, 1909; at Washington, D. C., student officer, Army War College, July, 1909, to July, 1910, when he was graduated; member of General Staff and Director of War College, July, 1910;

(Colonel of Infantry, March 12, 1912)

President of Army War College, March, 1912, to

(Brigadier-General, U. S. A., Feb. 12, 1913)

April 28, 1914; (at Gettysburg, Pa., at 50th Anniversary Camp of Veterans of the Civil War, July, 1913); at Chicago, Ill., in temporary command of Department of the Lakes, April 28, 1914; at Texas City, Texas, commanding 4th Brigade, 2nd Regular Division, May 1 to Nov. 1, 1914; in Philippines, commanding Provisional Infantry Brigade, at Fort McKinley, to April 15, 1916; commanding Department of the Philippines, April 15, 1916, to

(Major-General, U. S. A., March 6, 1917)

April 15, 1917; at San Francisco, Cal., commanding Western Department, May 14 to Sept. 15, 1917; assigned to command of 41st Division, National Guard Troops, September, 1917; arrived in France Oct. 6, 1917; on observation duty on Western Front during October and part of November, 1917; at La Courtine, France, commanding 41st (Replacement) Division, to Jan. 15, 1918; assigned to command of 1st Army Corps, Jan. 20, 1918; commanded 1st Army Corps, (six American and two French Divisions and Corps Troops) as part of 6th French Army in the Second Marne Campaign, July 4 to Aug. 13, 1918; (the Corps was under the 6th French Army Command; the Campaign commenced actively July 18, at Château Thierry, and ended in August on  p276 the Vesle River); commanded 1st Army Corps, 1st American Army, during the St. Mihiel Offensive, August and September, 1918; (the Reduction of the St. Mihiel salient commenced actively on Sept. 12 and ended Sept. 16; the Corps consisted of six divisions and Corps Troops under First American Field Army Command; it had the right of the line and captured Bois de Pretre, Thiancourt, Jaulny and Xammes); commanded 1st Army Corps, 1st American Army, (seven Divisions and Corps Troops), during the Argonne-Meuse Offensive, to Oct. 12, 1918; (the operation began actively Sept. 26 and its 1st phase ended about Oct. 6; the First Corps captured Vauquois, Cheppy, Varennes, Montblainville, Baulny, Apremont, Chatel Chehery, Cornay, Exermont, St. Juvin, Marcq, Chevieres and Grandpré, and cleaned the Argonne Forest of the enemy); assigned to command of First Field Army, American Expeditionary Force, Oct. 12, 1918; commanding 1st Army, A. E. F., from Oct. 12, 1918:

(Lieut.‑General, U. S. A., Oct. 16, 1918)

(the First Field Army consisted of five Army Corps and Army Troops, aggregating nearly one million men and four thousand guns; it broke the enemy's line of resistance completely, Nov. 1 to 11, 1918; after driving the German Army (Von Marwitz) in this Sector, to the east of the Meuse River, it crossed and established a bridgehead •thirty or forty miles long on the east bank; by this operation the German front was definitely broken and their Army split into two parts, each with an exposed flank);

Awarded

Distinguished Service Medal

"For especially meritorious and distinguished services as commander of the First Army of the American Expeditionary Forces. He commanded the First Corps and perfected its organization under difficult conditions of early service in France. Engaged in active operations in reduction of the Marne salient and of the St. Mihiel salient, and participated in the actions in the Forest of Argonne. In command of First Army when German resistance was shattered west of the Meuse."

Commanded 1st Army, A. E. F., until it was disbanded, April 20, 1919, when he was assigned to command of the 3rd Army, (American Army of Occupation on the Rhine), with Hdqrs. at Coblenz, Germany; commanded 3rd Army until it was disbanded, July 2, 1919; returned to U. S. July 20; at San Francisco, Cal., commanding Western Department, to –––––

Vol. VII
p161 [Supplement, Vol. VII: 1920‑1930]

Military History: —

Distinguished Service Medal

Major-General, Mar. 6, 1917.

Lieutenant-General, Emergency, Oct. 16, 1918.

Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919; at San Francisco, Cal., commanding Western Department and 9th Corps Area, Aug., 1919, to

Returned to Grade of Major-General, June 30, 1920

Mar. 21, 1921.

Major-General, U. S. A., Retired, Mar. 21, 1921,
By Operation of Law.

Lieutenant-General, U. S. A., Retired, June 21, 1930,
Act of June 21, 1930.

Civil History. — Author of "Commanding an American Army"; "Ten Years Ago in France." LL. D., University of California, 1920.

Vol. VIII
p57 [Supplement, Vol. VIII: 1930‑1940]

Military History: —

Lt‑Gen., Ret., June 21, 1930.

Died, Dec. 30, 1935, at San Francisco, Calif.: Aged 78.