ANCXF Commander Allied Naval Expeditionary Forces (British) for cross-Channel invasion of Northwest Europe. The late Adm. Sir Bertram Ramsay, RN.

Blinker Naval signaling lamp. By focusing in direction of intended recipient can be read in daylight.

Bombardons Floating breakwater composed of narrow steel units •200 feet long with side fins projecting underwater •9 feet on each side. Anchored with moorings. Floated outside the Phoenix breakwater to dampen wave action and permit cargo discharge in rough weather.

BB A USN battle­ship.

CB Construction Battalion, the famous Seabees of the Navy composed of carpenters, metal workers, bulldozer operators, etc. The shore and base construction force of the U. S. Navy.

CEC Civil Engineer Corps of the U. S. Navy.

 p202  C‑in‑C Commander in Chief.

ComLanCrabEu Commander Landing Craft and Bases, Europe. Rear Adm. John Wilkes, USN.

ComNavEu Commander U. S. Naval Forces Europe (as fleet command, known as XII Fleet). Adm. Harold Stark, USN.

Corn Cob Operation of assembling, fitting and sailing blockships for breakwater.

CTF Commander, Task Force.

CTG Commander, Task Group.

D‑Day Day of invasion. D + 1, one day after initial assault; D + 2, etc.

Drew A complete personnel and matériel unit to operate a captured port: i.e., port director, minesweeping officer, harbor entrance control officer, etc. Drew was expropriated to be used on Mulberry installation duties.

Duckw Amphibious U. S. Army truck.

DD Destroyer.

E‑boat Fast German motor torpedo boats for Channel raids.

Gooseberry Sheltered water formed by row of sunken ships. Gooseberry I was at Utah Beach, Gooseberry II at Omaha.

LCM Landing Craft, medium.

LCT Landing Craft, Tank.

LST Landing Ship, Tank.

Logistics The science of planning supply requirements, including transportation, needed to support a military operation. Always the fundamental limiting factor in operations, achieved the dignity of separate specialized planning in World War II.

MTBº Fast British motor torpedo boats used from cross-Channel raids, night actions, and as a screening and scouting force for convoys. A little over 100 ft. long. Speed over 45 knots.

 p203  Lobnitz pier A floating pier with four legs, 200′ × 60′. Could be raised and lowered to meet tide changes by cables strung over tops of spud legs. Legs acted as anchors.

Mulberry Code word for plan to provide artificial harbors for British and American beaches in Normandy landings.

Neptune Plan for naval side of Over­lord for cross-Channel invasion.

Over­lord Code name for plan to invade Europe, ratified in the summer of 1943 at Quebec.

Phoenix Large concrete caissons with eleven compartments fitted with flooding valves to permit sinking at site to form breakwater. Five sizes were used, ranging from large units 60 ft. high, 200 ft. long, 60 ft. wide to the smallest which were 176 ft. long. When floating for towing purposes they drew about 28 ft. of water.

RAM/P Rear Adm. (British) Commanding Mulberry and Pluto. Rear Adm. William Tennant, RN.

Rhino ferry Large oblong steel rafts propelled by outboard motors called sea mules. Used to raft in vehicles and armor from ship to beach.

SC Submarine chaser. Fast, wood hull, maneuverable, two of these craft were used as Force Mulberry flagships. Armament one 40‑mm. AA gun, two 20‑mm. guns.

Shingle British term for pebbly beach.

SNO Senior Naval Officer present in a particular command or naval base.

ST Literally, small tug. A U. S. Army harbor and river tug of 750 hp. Tender and of low freeboard — not suited to rough weather. Used to position caissons and blockships.

Task Force Largest unit of command in a Fleet. Followed number of particular in first numerals. Thus Admiral Kirk's invasion force, Task Force 122, was of  p204 the Twelfth Fleet. In assault Mulberry became Task Force 128.

Task Group Component of Task Force. Before assault Mulberry was a task group in Task Force 127, known in the assembly period as Task Group 127.1.

Whale Code name given to floating bridge roadways and piers used in Mulberry to cross water and mud gap.

Wrens British women's naval service corresponding to USN Waves.

WSA War Shipping Administration, operating agency of U. S. merchant vessels carrying war cargoes.

YMS Small wooden minesweeper.