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This is a very big book, running to 4636 printed pages in its second, much revised edition, plus the 522 pages of Volume I of the first edition, which I've also put onsite. It is therefore taking me a while. If you see this notice, the transcription is still unfinished.

Update 14 Aug 20: The rough input is now completed and proofread. There remains, however, to add the maps and other images, many hundreds of links still outstanding to texts cited by Hodgkin, and an occasional annotation or photograph. I expect to have it all ship-shape by the fall of 2023.

Thomas Hodgkin:
Italy and Her Invaders

Vol. I Book I: The Visigothic Invasion

1

Early History of the Goths.

23

On some omitted Chapters of the De Rebus Geticis, and on the Identification of the Goths and Getae.

95

On the names Ostrogoths and Visigoths.

100

On the Runic Alphabet of the Goths, the Alphabet of Ulfilas, and Gothic Grammar.

102

Early History of the Goths.

112

Valentinian the First.

185

The last years of Valens.

234

Theodosius and the Foederati.

277

The victory of Nicaea.

334

The fall of Gratian.

377

The Altar of Victory.

407

St. Chrysostom on the Deaths of Emperors.

407

Maximus and Ambrose.

409

The Insurrection of Antioch.

470

Theodosius in Italy and the Massacre of Thessalonica.

510

Eugenius and Arbogast.

535

On the Death of Valentinian II.

590

Internal Organisation of the Empire.

594

Honorius, Stilicho, Alaric.

636

On the Name Alaric.

676

On the Division of Illyricum.

677

Arcadius.

679

Alaric's First Invasion of Italy.

702

On the Chronology of Alaric's First Invasion.

734

The Fall of Stilicho.

737

Alaric's Three Sieges of Rome.

766

Statistical Aspects of the Contest between Rome and the Barbarians.

811

The Lovers of Placidia.

817

Usurpers in the Western Empire during the reign of Honorius.

849

Placidia Augusta.

850

Bonifacius and Aetius.

889

Bishops and Churches of Ravenna.

899

Salvian on the Divine Government.

918

Vol. II Book II: The Hunnish Invasion

Early History of the Huns.

1

On the Early Identification of the Hiong‑nu with the Huns.

35

Attila and the Court of Constantinople.

37

Attila in Gaul.

99

On the site of the so‑called Battle of Châlons.

143

Attila in Italy.

146

On the Date of the Foundation of Venice.

182

Book III: The Vandal Invasion and the Herulian Mutiny

Extinction of the Hunnish Empire and the Theodosian Dynasty.

189

On the Character of Petronius Maximus.

206

The Vandals from Germany to Rome.

209

Chronology of the Vandal Kings.

290

The Letters and Poems of Apollinaris Sidonius.

297

Avitus, the Client of the Visigoths.

374

On the Alleged Immoralities of Avitus.

393

Supremacy of Ricimer. Majorian.

396

Supremacy of Ricimer (continued). Severus II, the Lucanian, A.D. 461‑465. Anthemius, the Client of Byzantium, A.D. 467‑472.

430

Olybrius, the client of the Vandal, A.D. 472. Glycerius, the client of the Burgundian, A.D. 473‑474. Julius Nepos, the client of Byzantium, A.D. 474‑475. Romulus Augustulus, son of Orestes, A.D. 475‑476.

475

Vandal Dominion over the Islands of the Mediterranean.

503

Odovacar, the Soldier of Fortune.

506

Causes of the Fall of the Western Empire.

532

Vol. III Book IV: The Ostrogothic Invasion

A Century of Ostrogothic History.

1

On the Route of the Ostrogothic Army and their Settlement in Macedonia.

28

The Reign of Zeno.

30

The Two Theodorics in Thrace.

72

Flavius Odovacar.

122

On Odovacar's Deed of Gift to Pierius.

150

The Rugian War.

155

Odovacar's Name in an Inscription at Salzburg.

174

The Death-Grapple.

177

The 'Annals of Ravenna' on the war between Odovacar and Theodoric.

214

King and People.

222

Theodoric and his Court.

257

The Edictum Theodorici Regis.

309

The Terracina Inscription.

314

The two Cassiodori (Father and Son).

314

Theodoric's Relations with Gaul.

319

Theodoric's Relations with the East.

379

Theodoric's Relations with the Church.

439

Boethius and Symmachus.

466

Seventeenth-Century Literature about Boethius.

516

The Accession of Athalaric.

519

Justinian.

536

Belisarius.

573

The Errors of Amalasuntha.

627

The Ostrogothic Coinage.

649

Vol. IV Book V: The Imperial Restoration

The First Year of the War.

1

Belisarius at Carthage and at Naples.

22

The Elevation of Witigis.

62

Belisarius in Rome.

73

The Long Siege Begun.

114

The Cutting of the Aqueducts.

133

The Schedules of Frontinus.

158

The Gothic Assault.

161

Roman Sorties.

182

The Blockade.

210

The Relief of Rimini.

253

On the March of Belisarius.

282

Dissensions in the Imperial Camp.

283

On the Topography of Orvieto.

299

Sieges of Fiesole and Osimo.

301

The Fall of Ravenna.

326

Affairs at Constantinople.

353

The Elevation of Totila.

376

Saint Benedict.

410

The Return of Belisarius.

443

The Second Siege of Rome.

455

Roma Capta.

493

The Re‑occupation of Rome.

505

On the alleged Blindness and Beggary of Belisarius.

536

The Third Siege of Rome.

540

The Expedition of Germanus.

553

The Sorrows of Vigilius.

571

Narses and Totila.

609

On the Site of the Battle of 552.

643

Finis Gothorum.

646

Vol. V Book VI: The Lombard Invasion

[Introduction]

1

The Alamannic Brethren.

3

The Rule of Narses.

49

The Langobardic Foreworld.

68

On the Early Homes of the Langobardi.

141

Extract from the Codex Gothanus.

146

Alboin in Italy.

151

On the forms Langobardi and Lombardi.

174

Notices of Alboin and the Lombards in the 'Traveller's Song'.

175

The Interregnum.

178

Flavius Authari.

230

On the Correspondence of 588 between the Austrasian Court and the Court of Constantinople.

277

Gregory the Great.

279

The Letters of Pope Gregory I.

333

Gregory and the Lombards, 590‑595.

344

The Papal Peace.

389

The Last Years of Gregory.

421

The Istrian Schism.

454

Vol. VI Book VII: The Lombard Kingdom

The Seventh Century.

1

The Four Great Duchies

Duchy of Trient.

22

Duchy of Friuli.

36

Duchy of Benevento.

62

Duchy of Spoleto.

83

Ecclesiastical Notices of the Lombards of Spoleto.

97

Saint Columbanus.

105

Theudelinda and her Children.

148

The Legislation of Rothari.

174

Grimwald and Constans.

239

The Story of St. Barbatus.

293

The Bavarian Line Restored.

300

Story of the Duchies, continued.

327

The Papacy and the Empire, 663‑717.

339

List of Popes
from the death of Gregory I (604) to the ordination of Gregory II (715).

387

The Laws of Liutprand.

389

Prices under the Lombard rule.

413

Iconoclasm.

415

King Liutprand.

437

On the alleged Letters of Pope Gregory II to Leo III.

501

Correspondence of Pope Gregory III with the Venetians as to the recovery of Ravenna.

505

Political State of Imperial Italy.

509

On the continued existence of the Senate of Rome during the Seventh and Eighth Centuries.

561

Political State of Lombard Italy.

565

Vol. VII Book VIII: Frankish Invasions

NOTE: In addition to the chapters, there's stuff at the beginning of the volume (plates of coins with a few pages of text), not done yet.

Introduction.
The Merovingian Kings. Early Frankish History.

1

The Early Arnulfings.

24

Pippin of Heristal and Charles Martel.

41

Dukes of Bavaria.

63

The Great Renunciation.

85

The Anointing of Pippin.

120

The Donation of Constantine.

135

The Struggle for the Exarchate

160

List of the cities ceded by Aistulf to Stephen II (756).

222

The Fragmentum Fantuzzianum.

224

On the date of Pippin's First Invasion of Italy.

229

The Pontificate of Paul I.

235

On the Officers of the Papal Household.

276

A Papal Chaos.

278

The Pontificate of Stephen III.

292

Ravenna and Rome.

329

The Accession of Pope Hadrian.

342

End of the Lombard Monarchy.

364

The Alleged Donation of Territory in Italy by Charles the Great to Pope Hadrian.

387

Book IX: The Frankish Empire

The Pontificate of Hadrian I

Byzantine Affairs.

1

Italian Affairs.

21

The Chronicon Salernitanum on Arichis and his family.

91

Tassilo of Bavaria.

97

Two courts: Constantinople and Aachen.

108

Pope and Emperor.

165

Charles and Irene.

206

Venice.

218

The Final Recognition.

250

Carolus mortuus.

259

On the Entombment of Charles the Great.

273

The Life of the People.

276

The Table of Contents above is that of Hodgkin's second and final edition. The Table below is that of his first edition, or rather of Vol. I of the first edition: it is the only volume of that edition that I reproduce online. Hodgkin made very substantial changes to that first volume and considerably expanded it — essentially rewriting it — but made only slight changes to the text of the other three volumes. He felt, of course (Preface to the second edition) that his changes to Volume I were a marked improvement; so in my transcription I've alerted the student by tweaking the background color of the following pages to make them intentionally somewhat harder on the eyes:

Introduction

Plan of the Work. Summary of Roman Imperial History.

1

The Dynasty of Valentinian.

25

Early History of the Goths.

43

On the Early History of the Goths, as told by Jornandes.

82

Book I: The Visigothic Invasions

The Last Years of Valens.

89

Theodosius.

129

Internal Organisation of the Empire.

200

Honorius, Stilicho, Alaric.

234

On the Name Alaric.

274

On the Division of Illyricum.

275

Alaric's First Invasion of Italy.

277

On the Chronology of Alaric's First Invasion.

310

The Fall of Stilicho.

314

Alaric's Three Sieges of Rome.

338

Statistical Aspects of the Contest between Rome and the Barbarians.

390

The Lovers of Placidia.

397

Placidia Augusta.

431

Early Ecclesiastical History of Ravenna, or Notes from the First Part of the Liber Pontificalis of Agnellus.

472

St. Augustine and Count Bonifacius.

495

Salvian on the Divine Government.

504

Technical Details

Editions Used

zzz Thomas Hodgkin died in 1913: the work consequently entered the public domain on 1 Jan 1984.

His Life of Charles the Great (1897) is online in full at Elfinspell.

Proofreading

As almost always, I retyped the text by hand rather than scanning it — not only to minimize errors prior to proofreading, but as an opportunity for me to become intimately familiar with the work, an exercise which I heartily recommend: Qui scribit, bis legit. (Well-meaning attempts to get me to scan text, if success­ful, would merely turn me into some kind of machine: gambit declined.)

This transcription has been minutely proofread. I run a first proofreading pass immediately after entering each chapter; then a second proofreading, detailed and meant to be final: in these tables of contents, chapters are shown on blue backgrounds, indicating that I believe them to be completely errorfree; red backgrounds would mean that the chapter had not received that second final proofreading. The header bar at the top of each chapter page will remind you with the same color scheme. [Violet backgrounds indicate pages where the text has been thoroughly proofread, but from which images or the like may be missing.]

The print editions were very well proofread, typographical errors occurring on average every eighty pages. These rare errors then, when I could fix them, I did, when important (or unavoidable because inside a link), with a bullet like this;º and when trivial, with a dotted underscore like this: as elsewhere on my site, glide your cursor over the bullet or the underscored words to read the variant. Similarly, bullets before measurements provide conversions to metric, e.g., 10 miles.

Inconsistencies or errors in punctuation are remarkably few; they have been corrected to the author's usual style, in a slightly yellower white — barely noticeable on the page when it's a comma for example like this one, but it shows up in the sourcecode as <SPAN CLASS="emend">. Finally, a number of odd spellings, curious turns of phrase, apparently duplicated citations, etc. have been marked <!‑‑ sic  in the sourcecode, just to confirm that they were checked.

Any over­looked mistakes, please drop me a line, of course: especially if you have a copy of the printed book in front of you.

Pagination and Local Links

For citation and indexing purposes, the pagination is indicated by local links in the sourcecode and appears in the right margin of the text at the page turns (like at the end of this line p57 ): it's hardly fair to give you "pp53‑56" as a reference and not tell you where p56 ends. Sticklers for total accuracy will of course find the anchor at its exact place in the sourcecode.

In addition, I've inserted a number of other local anchors: whatever links might be required to accommodate the author's own cross-references, as well as a few others for my own purposes. If in turn you have a website and would like to target a link to some specific passage of the text, please let me know: I'll be glad to insert a local anchor there as well.

The marginal captions are almost certainly by Hodgkin, since at one point (VIII.198, note) he assumes that the similar marginal captions in Gibbon were written by that author himself.



[image ALT: A schematic map of Italy with three arrows suggesting the commonest routes by which the peninsula will be invaded over the centuries: from the northwest (France), the northeast (Austria), the southwest (by sea from Africa). The image serves as the icon for Hodgkin's 'Italy and Her Invaders' on this site.]

The icon with which I indicate this work is an obvious one: a schematic map of the Italian peninsula and its principal outlying islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, with arrows suggesting the commonest routes by which the peninsula will be invaded over the centuries.


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Site updated: 24 Jun 21